Sikh

Amongst the first remarks made by Guru Nanak upon his enlightenment as a Sikh, is that ‘there is no Hindu, there is no Musalman’ (Singh 134). Guru Nanak, the religious founder of Hindu Sikhism, used this remark to address the long standing relationship between Sikh and the Muslim. Nanak implied that all human beings are equal and that any profiling of people on the basis of their religion, skin colour, gender or any other form of stereotypical description is founded on ignorance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sikh-Muslim conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nanak also added that racial profiling of people does not have any sense of truth since all people are created equally by one creator. As such people from all backgrounds ought to live in peace and harmony, love and kindness towards each other as brothers and sisters from the same creator. Despite Guru Nanak’s philosophy of peace and love towards each other, the conflict between Hindu Sikhs, of which Nanak was one and the Muslim has had along history. The Sikh-Muslim conflict has evolved over long period of time but many philosophers, analysts and scholars tend to focus on the negative nature of this special relationship forgetting the more positive aspects. Suffice to say that, other than the strong personal relationship between Guru Nanak and other Muslim leaders of the time, it has also been recorded that some Muslim solders served in Guru Nanak’s Hindu army. Despite the positive relationship the Sikh-Muslim conflict has at times been so strained to the extent that it has turned violent. Moreover, many philosophers and scholar argue that this conflict is religio-political. Therefore, despite friendly relationship between the Sikh and the Muslim, violent confrontations have characterised this conflict that has also assumed the religio-political perspective. Despite the fact that Many Muslims a nd Sikhs view each other as inveterate enemies, these two communities have a long and complex relationship characterised, at times by very friendly relationships. Many scholars tend to focus their attention on studying the more confrontational aspects of this special relationship. However, the Sikh-Muslim relationship is historically founded on cooperation rather than conflict. Many Sikhs and Muslim are oblivious of the fact that Guru Nanak sole aim was to promote friendly relationships between the Hindu and the Muslim people. Guru Nanak sought to attain this by bridging the existing gap between the two communities through his teaching of love, peace and harmony. Furthermore one of Guru Nanak’s closet ally and disciple, Mardana, was a Muslim. Other than this, Guru Nanak made several symbolic journeys to Mecca and Baghdad in search of peace between Sikhs and Muslim. There are other symbolic occurrences that sought to cement friendly relationship between the two communities.Adv ertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Harminder Sahib, the Golden Temple of the Hindu Sikh, had its foundation stone laid by a muslin cleric Hazrat Mian Mir Sahib upon the requests of Guru Arjan (Sikand, â€Å"Interview† paras 7 – 10). Singh also reports that some of the soldiers who served in Guru Nanak’s army professed the Muslim faith, while still maintaining their loyalty to Guru Nanak (134). As such to claim that the Sikh-Muslim relations have been usually negative is to miss the point. Despite the long history of friendly relationship, the Sikhs and the Muslim have also have bitter differences that have at times turned violent. The confrontation have at times been too much violent that the two communities have been accused of ‘washing their dirty linen in public’ (Kundnani para 1). There are various instances of violent confrontat ions between the Muslim and the Hindu Sikhs in recent times. Some of these violent confrontations have been motivated by such issues as war on terror. In 2001, Sikhs and Muslims engaged on running battler in Bradford, India, over the differences of the definition of terrorism. In the same year, a 15 year old Hindu girl was reportedly severely injured after an argument over the event of the September 2001 bombing of the world trade centre in New York. Some of the violent confrontations between these two communities have turned tragic, such as the killing of three British Muslims on holiday in India. It has been reported that the killings were inspired by the state sponsored war against terrorism and as such any Muslim especially foreigners in the Gujarat state was seen as a representation of terrorism. The state government was accused of distributing weapon such as machetes that were used in such murders (Kundnani para 2 – 4). While the confrontation seems like isolated occurr ences, the violence is a manifestation of long running hatred inspired by religious and political propaganda. This type of propaganda is spread through journals, newspaper and newsletter articles, with very strong views against the other community dominating such publications. Readers of these articles are influenced to stand up and defended their sovereignty. This type of attitude has slowly led to the build up of these violent confrontations (Brass 436, 438). The conflict between the Sikhs and Muslims is a result of the long standing religious and political differences. Suffice to say that that other than being racial groups, the Sikhs and the Muslim are distinctive religious groups.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sikh-Muslim conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The confrontations are drawn out of the fact that the Sikhs and the Muslims religious foundations have assumed a political dimension su ch that the two see each other as opposing political ideologies. The hostilities emerge as a result of the intention of the Sikhs and the Muslims to maintain a religious identity through a political agenda (Johnstone 132). This type of religious and political identification is totally against the philosophy of Guru Nanak (Singh 134). Due to the concerted effort of Guru Nanak and other Muslim clerics made to maintain friendliness in the 15th and 16the centuries, the religious and political hostilities are only sees as the characteristic of post-Nanak era. Furthermore, the post Nanak Sikh identity has fundamentally changed from the open an accommodating to a more radical religio-political identity. The Sikh sees the Islam as the enemy religion. These strong religion-political conflicts are felt in Punjab where the two communities kill each other in what is seen as religious massacre (Sikand, â€Å" Life of Baba Nanak† para 4). The strong religion and political differences still drive the conflict not only in Punjab but in other areas such Kashmir today. The Sikh and the Muslim have a complex historical relationship. Despite the fact that many see this relationship and only based on violent confrontation, the Sikhs and the Muslim have existed peacefully. There have been several instances of cooperation between Sikhs and Muslims scuh as the laying of the foundation stone of the Sikhs golden temple in Amritsar by a Muslim cleric, a symbolic event that is emblematic of the historical cooperation between the two communities. The violent nature of Sikh-Muslim relationship is a manifestation of religious and political differences that exist between the two communities. Due to the complexities involved, there is no end in sight to this historical affair. Works Cited Brass ,Paul. The production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India.  Washington: University of Washington Press, 2003. Print Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in society: A sociology of religion. Michigan: Prentice Hall, 2006. PrintAdvertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kanwarjit, Singh. Political philosophy of the Sikh gurus. New Delhi: Atlantic publisher and distributors, 1989. Print Kundnani, Arun. An unholy alliance? Racism, religion and communalism. 2002. July 14, 2011 http://www.irr.org.uk/news/an-unholy-alliance-racism-religion-and-communalism/ Sikand, Yoginder. Interview : Makhdoom Syed Chan Pir Qadri on Sikh Muslim relations. 2002. Web. Sikand, Yoginder. Re-Imagining Sikh-Muslim Relations in the light of the Life of Baba Nanak. 2005. July 14, 2011 http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/re_imagining_sikh_muslimrelations_in_the_light_of_the_life_of_baba_nanak/ This research paper on Sikh-Muslim conflict was written and submitted by user Dorothy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation

Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation Introduction Smoking is among the most common habits globally. It is supposedly a way of unwinding and relaxing among smokers after a stressful event or a hard day’s work. Despite the assertion, a variety of diseases have been attributed to smoking particularly for long-term smokers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Smoking is a substantial risk factor for a variety of health challenges including lung cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular ailments. In cases where the ailments originate from other causes, smoking speeds up the development of health conditions. The advancements in medical awareness and technology make it possible for individuals to pinpoint a variety of deadly diseases attributed to smoking. Actually, smoking is the leading avoidable grounds for fatality globally. In the United States, it claims hundred thousands of liv es. Main Body Nicotine is a chemical element present in many substances including cigarettes. Once an individual uses nicotine-containing products regularly, they are susceptible to addiction particularly when the product is smoked. Habitual cigarette users become so obsessed that it is almost impossible to abstain from smoking. Rehabilitation techniques are hence imperative in assisting smokers to quit smoking. Larson and Sydeman (2013) indicate that smoking is among the leading risks for coronary cardiac disease (CHD) in the United States. When compared to non-smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for myo-cardiac infarction is around 2.5 for retirement-aged adults. On the other hand, the OR for cardiovascular conditions is around 2 (1-3). In addition, upon a cardiac occurrence, a cigarette user is 2 times likely to have a restenosis (Larson Sydeman, 2013). The victim may also die following a cardiovascular disease especially when they are above 55 years. The authors indicate that patients with coronary cardiac disease average an estimated decrease in death risk of 36 percent upon quitting. An average of 46 percent risk decrease is projected for myocardial infarction patients. Unfortunately, most smokers find it difficult or impossible to quit smoking on their own prerogative and effort.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Determined smokers wishing to quit hence require various intervention strategies to help them out of the smoking trap. Different intervention strategies indicate different levels of effectiveness for different patients. Uncomplicated but concise advice from medical practitioner to a smoker increases the odds of quitting by up to 70 percent compared to nonintervention (Larson Sydeman, 2013). Group behavior therapy increases the chances of successful quitting by twofold which is comparable to individual patient counseling. The authors indicate that individual counseling is superior to nonintervention. They claim that rehabilitation efforts that are more concentrated reflect no improvement in self-restraint rates. Apparently, self-help interventions are the least successful. Evidence does not exist on their additional benefits in permutation with counseling. The quitting numbers are threefold over for inpatients in hospital and care homes compared to smokers in conventional home settings. Larson and Sydeman (2013) conclude that individuals with Type D Personality do not indicate CHD risk association. However, there is a strong link between tobacco smoking and CHD. Smoking increases the chances of mortality. For CHD patients, interventions ought to begin in the hospital. Consequently, it should last for at least one month upon discharge. Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable mortality among the US population (Getsios Marton, 2013). It leads to grave tobacco-related conditions such as lung cancer, persistent respiratory diseases, cardiac diseases, and stroke. Despite the fact that tobacco use has declined in recent years, 19 percent of adults continue to smoke. Majority of smokers who attempt to quit relapse. The dependence on tobacco is perceived as a chronic disease in itself. It requires numerous attempts to cease smoking. It is estimated that 1 in 4 smokers who attempt to quit on their own succeed. The rest relapse and never attempt quitting on their own unless they seek rehabilitation services. Unassisted cessation attempts are popular. However, majority of smokers who successfully quit seek cessation medication. Over 40 percent continue to use medication to sustain the attempt (Getsios Marton, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychosocial Smoking Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Getsios and Marton (2013) most of the economic models that evaluate the effects of smoke quit ting rehabilitation consider the influence of a single quit attempt. The evaluations are based on long-term health and financial outcomes. They often presume that smokers who fail in their cessation attempt or be successful, but later relapse, continue smoking for the rest of their life. The motivation to quit is an essential construct in the smoking termination process (Getsios Marton, 2013). Despite this fact, existing literature is devoid of the agreement on how such motivation is described and calculated. Among the general smoking population, the motivation to quit smoking is gauged against the individual’s willingness to seek interventions as well as using facts to support the cessation attempts. Additionally, a variety of motivating factors such as overt self-claimed urge to quit, economic and physical conditions, anxiety and expectancies as well as change in attitude towards tobacco are among the predicting factors that indicate the attempt to quit for general smokers . Conversely, for cerebral health patient smokers, a substantial percentage would want to. Using the Trans-theoretical Model of behavior change, the authors investigate the occurrence of future ‘willingness to quit’ among patients with schizophrenia, associated psychotic disorders, and depression. For instance, between 19 and 38 percent of smoking mental health patients consider quitting within a month. Such willingness can effectively be translated into victorious quitting. The quitting rates among such patients can be up to 22 percent. However, the goal can only be achieved when merged psychosocial and pharmacological interventions are used. Comprehending the smoker’s motivation to quit and related factors plays a significant role in helping clinical workers to address the use of tobacco in inpatient surroundings. The understanding may assist in the progression and delivery of efficient nicotine-dependence treatment. Diverse behavioral and pharmacologic rehabil itations for tobacco use cessation have demonstrated efficacy. Consequently, the US department of health and human services advocates the use of medication and behavioral treatment for smoke quitting. An array of smoking prevention and management activities indicate substantial decrease in tobacco use during the last three decades.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The majority of wide-ranging and available methods utilized in these social campaigns include mass media smoke-quitting campaigns. These campaigns have been success in reducing the number of smokers. However, their efficacy at the personal levels is not vivid (Getsios Marton, 2013). Research conducted by Asvat and King (2014) tested the effectiveness of different types of smoking termination messages meant for racially-diverse American population through community-based awareness campaigns. The authors suggest that smoking is generally on the decrease in the United States. They assert that a plea to persuade close friends to quit smoking is more successful in comparison to a plea to safeguard oneself from the destructive effects of tobacco. However, such pleas from a racially different friend are not well received and may not yield the desired results. Population-based empirical evidence indicates that African Americans, Hispanic, uninsured, and young males rarely engage the servic es of quitting programs. However, when rehabilitation services are extended to these populations, quit attempts are more successful compared to the white counterparts. The findings indicate that racial diversity, smoking history, and motivation to quit support African Americans when they receive smoke cessation rehabilitation and equality in receiving the services (Asvat and King, 2014). A study conducted by Burgess and Sherman (2014) indicates that tobacco consumption and social disadvantage are progressively more intertwining as the difference in smoking percentages between the wealthy and the underprivileged individuals widens. The increases in tobacco prices heighten the economic baggage for marginalized groups. Study continuously indicates that they find it difficult to quit. The result is augmented health, psychosomatic and economic challenges making the use of tobacco a substantial contributor to societal disparity and the subsequent repercussions. The article concludes that mediations that encourage smoke quitting in underprivileged areas enhance the financial circumstances and livelihoods of the affected persons. Consequently, there is reduction in socio-economic discrepancies in transience. Apparently, there exist a linear gradient between increased consumption of tobacco and injection drug prevalence with increase in area disadvantage. According to Cooper and Friedman (2007), when an area is disadvantaged, there are high chances that the population is bound to be impacted by the consequences of smoking tobacco and its products. Locations of increased disadvantage create an apt atmosphere that encourages the continuous use of tobacco due to fewer smoking barriers due to the prevalence of injection drugs. Areas inhabited by American Africans, Hispanics and Asian Americans are among these locations (Cooper and Friedman, 2007). These areas are prone to the existence of gangs that engage in excessive use of tobacco and other narcotics. These gangs rarely engage with the health system where they can receive rehabilitation services due to residential segregation. Research conducted by Gritz and Danysh (2013) indicates that individuals living with HIV/AIDS have a significantly increased possibility of smoking in comparison to the general population. Considering their condition, they are more vulnerable to the unfavorable health implications of smoking. The researchers found that cognitive and behavioral elements assist in altering beliefs and behaviors that act as hurdles to the attempt to quit the use of tobacco and consequently abstain. Motivation plays a fundamental role when helping people living with HIV/AIDS particularly during the treatment delivery stage. The study indicates that African American and Hispanic persons smoke fewer cigarettes daily. However, they are nicotine dependent. The precise reason behind the tendency of using fewer cigarettes is not clear. The lack of financial endowment to buy tobacco products for day-to -day use is suspected to be a causative factor. The authors indicate that there is dire need for studies to focus on how to sustain the impact of intervention, raising the general quit rates, and minimizing actual hurdles to termination related to psychiatric comorbidity (Gritz Danysh, 2013). A study conducted by Diana Burgess and Scott Sherman (2014) indicates that African Americas have lesser chances of quitting successfully compared to their white counterparts. The variation persists despite the former’s stronger urge, readiness, and motivation to quit. Additionally, they harbor the belief that they will quit successfully. Consequently, they attempt to quit more often than whites (Burgess Sherman, 2014). Empirical research indicates that an essential contributor to the differences in quitting is black Americans’ limited utilization of fact-based quitting rehabilitation. The African Americans are less likely to be screened for tobacco use. They rarely volunteer to receive cessation counseling or prescription for tobacco replacement rehabilitation. The attitude of the African Americans limits the chances of caregivers intruding and offer rehabilitation services to smokers. The researchers assert that African Americans are more likely to benefit from tobacco quitting care model considering that they are less likely to have received earlier pharmacotherapy rehabilitation (Burgess Sherman, 2014). Conclusion Smokers wishing to quit smoking encounter diverse challenges irrespective of whether or not they have other health conditions. However, smokers with other health challenges encounter increased chances of persistence use of tobacco. The same applies to individuals living in disadvantaged areas due to economic challenges. It is hence imperative for clinical staff, counselors, and the community at large to understand the challenges individuals face when attempting to quit smoking. Rehabilitation interventions hence require to be addressed to dev elop newer and effective methods that help in rehabilitating smokers and reduce the chances of lapses and relapses. There is need for further research to be conducted in future to establish the impact of social interventions that are effective for successful smoking cessation. References Asvat, Y., King, A. (2014). Feasibility and effectiveness of a community-based smoking cessation intervention in a racially diverse, urban smoker cohort. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 620-627. Burgess, D., Sherman, S. (2014). Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the veterans affairs health care system. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 580-587. Cooper, H., Friedman, R. (2007). Residential segregation and injection drug use prevalence among black adults in US metropolitan areas. American Journal of Public Health, 97(2), 344-352. Gritz, E., Danysh, H. (2013). Long-term outcomes of a cell phone–delivered intervention for smokers living with HIV/ AIDS. CID, 57(1), 608-615. Larson, N., Sydeman, S. (2013). Type D personality is not associated with coronary heart disease risk in a North American sample of retirement-aged adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(1), 277-285.

Recycling as a Way to Cleaner and Healthier Environment Essay

Recycling as a Way to Cleaner and Healthier Environment - Essay Example If each of them sorts the litter and support recycling programs, they will save more forests in the whole world. Forests are important for natural ecosystems, clean air, and environmental sustainability. Every recycles sheet of paper will greatly contribute to the world’s ecology. The not only paper need to be recycled, but plastic as well. 28 billion bottles are thrown away every year; all of them pollute the environment because their process of decomposition is very slow (EPA, 2013). Â  25,000,000,000 Styrofoam cups are thrown away as well and the term of their decomposition is the same length (EPA, 2013). People only need to separate these things from other garbage to make their recycling possible. It is not a great effort which can pay back twice by the cleaner environment. Recycling is a successful way to a cleaner and healthier environment. Recycled paper and plastic can reduce the amount of garbage and prevent extensive landfilling. All people need to be aware of the issue and support recycling by separating their garbage into different groups.

Islamic Politics and Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Politics and Terrorism - Essay Example (Esposito, 1987, p. 152) It is presumed that Iran's revolution of 1979 declared the Muslim world to think on various 'political' aspects. It was the 1979 revolution of Iran that made the Muslims to think about their future as Islam was declared by the name of 'Islamism', which acted as adversary to the western world particularly America. The main reason started with the Iran political agenda of 1979 when the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran declared 'Shiaat' as its official religion instead of declaring the one and only 'Islam'. 'Shiaat' when declared as the official religion caused rage among the 'sunni' Muslims, which existed in minority in Iran and Iraq, however the cold war started between shiaa and sunni Muslims after the execution of many 'sunni' Muslims in Iran. This was the time when Shiites all over the countries like Lebanon, Syria, Beirut and Iraq were strengthened and were supported by various movements in order to support 'Hezbollah' (Iran) (Moubayed, 2005) From this day onwards, Islam has been labeled as 'Fundamentalist', rather it would be better to say that, the creation of 'Hezbollah' was the first move towards extremism. The main political agenda, which sta... the 1980s responsible in declaring Islam as 'fundamentalist' or 'terrorist' religion is due to the rise of 'Hezbollah' which has ground deep political influences which goes in the favour of Muslim 'mullahs' and politicians. In fact these two groups have served as rouges for taking Islam to the heights not only as a terrorist religion but also as a 'terror' practiced by Muslim countries. History reveals that groups like Hezbollah and Al-Qaida have been responsible in gaining defame to their religion in the form of 'terror'. Their main aim was to fight for Islam, despite of the fact that Islam does not under any circumstances encourage terrorism. All they have done so far is disguised 'Jihad' by adopting extremist attitude, though Islam is not an extremist religion. The rules followed in Afghanistan are their own 'Holy laws', misused in the name of religion. On November 04, 1979 Iran leaded a new movement with the help of United States by the name of 'Iran Hostage Crises', which was failed for the loss of lives of the eight US soldiers. However, history reveals that United States was an ally of Iran during and after the World War II. 1979 was the year when Iran's shah 'Mohammad Raza Pehlavi' was overthrown by 'Ayatollah Khomeini' for the western influence he persuaded in Iran. When the US government offered a new relationship with the new Government, Khomeini not only rejected it, but also opposed thereby blaming America for causing 'satanic events' by influencing western culture in Iran. Muslim political era would not be completed without the concern for division in the name of 'Shiaa' and 'Sunni' Muslims. Iran with other countries having majority of Shiaas murdered a massive Sunni Muslims whose beliefs and rituals they found detestable. (Whittaker, 2004, p. 20)

Immigration in California Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration in California - Term Paper Example Many experts believe that this effect is on the positive side as it has increased the wages of the native population as the immigrants have only complemented the jobs of the native workers and have not posed any significant threat to their jobs or other work benefits. California has the highest percentage of immigrant population, which included both legal and illegal immigrants, compared to the other states in the US. Reports from the center for immigration studies reveal that the state’s immigrant population accounted for about one-third of the all immigrants in the US during the mid 1990’s. Between the years 1990-2004 the new immigrants to the state increased by 40%. In addition the immigrant population included racially and ethnically diverse people mostly from Latin America and Asia with a majority of the immigrants hailing from Mexico, Philippines and China. However, studies have revealed that though the population drastically increased in the state as a result of immigration, it did not affect the employment opportunities of the native population but rather resulted in a wage increase for the native population by 4% between the years 1990-2004. The immigrant groups complemented the jobs of native workers which resulted in an economic growth (Peri, 2007; Johnson, 2011).

Chinese Cuisine in the United States

Chinese Cuisine in the United States Since last century, Chinese food has become very popular throughout the United States. The history of American Chinese food begins before the 20th century. During the Gold Rush in California, a lot of Chinese immigrants came to the United States to build railways. They started making Chinese food in the United States, and after the Second World War, numerous numbers of Chinese restaurants have been built in this country. Since that time, people can easily find a Chinese restaurant in any city of any state. The reason why Chinese food is so popular in America is because many Americans love it. Although, most Americans do not actually know that most of the Chinese food they are eating in the United States is not authentic. American Chinese food tend to focus more on American style cooking, and contrast significantly from tradition Chinese food. Most Chinese food in the United States is deep-fried or stir-fried, but authentic Chinese food is not. Americans should know that they have the option for a better Chinese diet, which is more delicious and healthier. American Chinese cuisine should be replaced by authentic Chinese cuisine because American Chinese cuisine is unhealthy for us due to the cookings poor quality. Chinese American cuisine started adapting to unhealthy cooking methods. The foundation of American Chinese food started when Chinese immigrants arrived in the United States. The first group of Chinese immigrants came from the Guangdong Province of China mainland. When they just arrived in the United States, they tried to make their hometown food. It was impossible for them to find raw food materials and traditional ingredients here. Cooking authentic Chinese food has a stringent requirement for raw food materials; the requirement requires all meat and vegetable products to be fresh. The Chinese immigrants only used all of what they could find for cooking. When railroad work was no longer available, the Chinese workers started to open restaurants. Their main customer groups were Caucasians Americans and Americans usually prefer a sweeter taste in their food. Thus, in order for the Chinese immigrants to make profits from their restaurants, the Chinese food chefs had to alter the taste of their hometown food to satisfy their local customers. Traditional Chinese food is usually saltier with rich flavors. Although, sugar is a very common ingredient for most dishes in the United States, so Chinese food chefs eventually started using sugar far more often for their dishes. Not only that, MSG (monosodium glutamate) is used very often in American Chinese cuisine for a flavor enhancer to stimulate the customers appetite, and to mask meats that are not fresh. Some problems MSG can lead to are diabetes, headaches, obesity, and addiction to MSG products. All these methods are definitely not a natural and healthy way to make food, leading American Chinese foods with higher fats and calories. The lack of professional chefs is another reason to explain why American Chinese food is dissatisfactory. As mentioned above, the earliest Chinese food chefs were railroad workers. They had never been trained to cook. In China, there are a lot of cooking schools. They provide different styles of cooking lessons and a beginner normally needs to spend two years to graduate. There are also eight distinct Chinese cuisines in China: Shandong, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, and Anhui. However, American Chinese cuisine only develops from Guangdong cuisine, so many other authentic Chinese cuisines have not even been exposed in America widely. American Chinese chefs though, they usually learn of the skills from other previous chefs and lack a lot of experience and knowledge. As mentioned previously about adding sugar to their dishes, a lot of cooks use it as a method to cover their inexperienced cooking techniques and make their dishes taste more desirable to the Americ an taste. The American Chinese chefs eventually started to create their own dishes as well. Today, a very popular and good example would be Orange chicken. Orange chicken is deep-fried chicken covered with sweet soy sauce. It is the most popular Chinese dish in the United States and it is usually served at most Chinese restaurants. Unfortunately, in China, no one has ever heard of Orange chicken because the American Chinese chefs created it in the U.S. Therefore, many American Chinese dishes you may have experienced in the U.S., could be foreign to many people in China. American Chinese cuisine is also fast food. The bad dietary habit of Americans leads American Chinese food to be unhealthy. Americans like fast food, so Chinese American restaurants often cook quickly. They normally can prepare one dish in five minutes, but in an authentic Chinese restaurant, a dish would normally take more than fifteen minutes. How can they cook that much faster? It is because they only use one cooking method, which is frying. Fried foods are most definitely unhealthy for us. It can damage our body and brain in many ways. Fried foods can also cause us to be overweight and lead to obesity. A large percentage of people in the United States have problems with their weight. In recent years, people have turned their attention to their daily diets and claim that it is time to give up fast food. Most people only think restaurants such as McDonalds or KFC are fast foods, but American Chinese cuisine is also considered fast food. The quality of the food is poor and cooking a uthentic Chinese cuisine takes more than simply one method of cooking. American Chinese restaurants simply finish your orders in 5 minutes! You can either sit down to eat it or take it home. When you order Chinese take out and go back home to enjoy your delicious orange chicken, you call your friend and tell him you are having Chinese foodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦No! That is not Chinese food. It is American Chinese food and that is fast food. However, many Americans would disagree with the idea of replacing American Chinese food with authentic Chinese cuisine. The Chinese cuisine in America is westernized to appeal to Americans and that is what they are most familiar with. It would be equivalent to taking their Chinese food away, because technically American Chinese food was invented and invested in America. The Chinese food here is deep-fried, grease-soaked, and as well as imitated (i.e. imitation crab). That sounds a lot like most American foods and replacing American Chinese cuisine would be the same as taking away Americas invention of Chinese food. Another factor is complication. The idea of replacing American Chinese cuisine with authentic Chinese cuisine would most definitely use a lot more money and time. That time and money would go into training new chefs, establishing new restaurants, investing in many new cooking styles, and the list would go on. Also, most Chinese restaurants in America are well established a nd are spread across the states. It is not easy to change something that became successful in its own ways. It is not saying authentic Chinese cuisine is bad, but Americans find American Chinese food good, and in America, if something is good, then there doesnt need to be change. It is true that changing American Chinese food to authentic Chinese food will be complicated, but that complication is worth the investment. Unlike the American Chinese cuisine, authentic Chinese food is a lot healthier. Food is very important to Chinese culture. Most Chinese people are highly likely to pay attention to their daily food. The most important nutritional concept is Yin and Yang. Yin means cold. Yang means Hot. Every food has a specific way of heating or cooling humans body. For example, most spicy foods and meats are generally thought to be Yang. Then, green vegetables and soup are thought to be Yin. An authentic Chinese chef would know of the concept and know how to incorporate the concept to make a balanced meal. In an American Chinese restaurant though, meat is always the main role on the table, which is totally against with the Yin and Yang concept. Authentic Chinese cuisine not only promotes a more balanced meal, it promotes a healthier diet, and this is important for changing the bad dietary habit in America as mentioned earlier. Of course an investment such as this would take up a lot of time and money. It doesnt hurt to start small or at least give it a try. Already well-established American Chinese restaurants should consider lowering the number of fat contents and calories as well as balancing their meals in order to promote a healthier diet. New Chinese restaurant chefs should consider going through extensive training, study Chinese culinary, or develop different choices of authentic Chinese cuisine other than the main Guangdong cuisine that most people are familiar with. Yes, if something is good and familiar to us why change it? Although in America, they also love change! If the change is for the better, why not give it a try? America should certainly attempt some effort to give authentic Chinese cuisine a try. Chinese cuisine restaurants are still spreading rapidly throughout America. Americans should know they have the choice for a more delicious and better diet, therefore Chinese cuisine should be replaced by authentic Chinese cuisine because American Chinese cuisine is unhealthy for us due to the cookings poor quality. Most American Chinese restaurants adapt to unhealthy cooking methods, inexperience techniques, and also Americans should know that most Chinese food they are eating is also considered unhealthy fast food. There should be a Chinese food revolution; people should limit themselves fried Chicken and sweet meat as a choice for Chinese food. The only way to escape from this vicious circle fast is to hire many professional educated Chinese chefs from China and start establishing from there on. However, realistically speaking that may be far complicated and may cost a lot of money. Then again, if the change is worth the investment people should certainly give it a try. Some small starting up ideas include, already established restaurants to alter their meals to promote the Yin and Yang balanced meal concept, new chefs to consider being well educated and trained first, and also encouraging restaurants to create more other authentic Chinese cuisines that differs from todays dominant Guangdong cuisine. Variety will bring more culture to the Chinese cuisine and also shows that Americans have better choices to choose from rather than that orange chicken they always order. A lot of people are guilty of that, but if authentic Chinese cuisine can be brought up in America, then we can start bragging about the real good Chinese food we are having.

Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Lord of the Flies Man must have rules in order to control his savage side. William Golding brings out this theme in the novel Lord of the Flies. When you first read Lord of the Flies you may think it is merely a simple adventure story of boys on a deserted island. But if you take a deeper look into it and consider the statement above you will see that this book is also an attempt to trace the defects of civilization back to the defects of human nature. There are many characters in the story that help prove how man must have rules in order to control his savage side. Ralph is the chief and he represents civilization and its parliaments. Piggy is Ralph’s brain trust and an intellectual. Both Ralph and Piggy represent the struggle for order and democracy. Jack is the spark of wildness that burns hot and close to the surface, which later conflicts with Ralph. From the very beginning Jack seems to harbor emotions of anger and savagery. Simon has them most positive outlook out of all of the characters and is a â€Å"Christ figure.† He is good and pure and insists that they will be rescued. Roger represents pure evil and wrongness. He gets pleasure in torturing pigs and was the first one to intentionally kill another boy when he smashed Piggy with a boulder. Sam and Eric are the twins that do everything together. They represent unity and reliance. Later in the story they reveal Ralph’s hiding place to Jack because the loss of civilization led them to lose any real sense of loyalty to others. These characters assist in showing how the theme is brought out. There are also many symbols in the novel. The conch represents rules, civilization, democracy and order. Piggy’s glasses represent clear-sightedness and intelligence. The state of the glasses represents the status of social order. When they break it marks the progressive decay of rational influence. The island represents the world. The â€Å"scar† represents man’s destruction. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and the great danger or evil. The killing of the sow and the hunting of pigs are accomplished in terms of sexual intercourse. The beast that the â€Å"littleuns† are afraid of is created by the emotions that all of the boys on the island are experiencing. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone and the dark side of human nature. Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer Lord of the Flies Man must have rules in order to control his savage side. William Golding brings out this theme in the novel Lord of the Flies. When you first read Lord of the Flies you may think it is merely a simple adventure story of boys on a deserted island. But if you take a deeper look into it and consider the statement above you will see that this book is also an attempt to trace the defects of civilization back to the defects of human nature. There are many characters in the story that help prove how man must have rules in order to control his savage side. Ralph is the chief and he represents civilization and its parliaments. Piggy is Ralph’s brain trust and an intellectual. Both Ralph and Piggy represent the struggle for order and democracy. Jack is the spark of wildness that burns hot and close to the surface, which later conflicts with Ralph. From the very beginning Jack seems to harbor emotions of anger and savagery. Simon has them most positive outlook out of all of the characters and is a â€Å"Christ figure.† He is good and pure and insists that they will be rescued. Roger represents pure evil and wrongness. He gets pleasure in torturing pigs and was the first one to intentionally kill another boy when he smashed Piggy with a boulder. Sam and Eric are the twins that do everything together. They represent unity and reliance. Later in the story they reveal Ralph’s hiding place to Jack because the loss of civilization led them to lose any real sense of loyalty to others. These characters assist in showing how the theme is brought out. There are also many symbols in the novel. The conch represents rules, civilization, democracy and order. Piggy’s glasses represent clear-sightedness and intelligence. The state of the glasses represents the status of social order. When they break it marks the progressive decay of rational influence. The island represents the world. The â€Å"scar† represents man’s destruction. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and the great danger or evil. The killing of the sow and the hunting of pigs are accomplished in terms of sexual intercourse. The beast that the â€Å"littleuns† are afraid of is created by the emotions that all of the boys on the island are experiencing. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone and the dark side of human nature.

Strength of Mice and Men

In this story, although some people have great strengths, they may have greater weaknesses, and sometimes the strong don’t always survive. Strength in something can greatly benefit a person. For example: 1. Lennie is physically strong and large. He is able to work very hard because of his strength, and he uses this to his advantage. Slim said, â€Å" By the way, what did you said about Lennie was absolutely right. Perhaps he isn’t intelligent, but I’ve never seen such a good worker as him.He worked much harder than the other men this afternoon, loading barley on to the waggon. Nobody can work as fast as him† ( it’s in chapter 6). Lennie also uses his strength to his advantage when he fights Curley. With his immense power he was able to crush Curley’s hand. 2. George’s intelligence. George is a very quick thinker. He is there to get Lennie out of trouble when he causes it. An example would be what happened in Weed. Lennie felt a girlâ⠂¬â„¢s dress and didn’t let go, so she accused him of raping her, and sent men to lynch him.George, thinking quickly, told Lennie to hide in a marsh so that the men wouldn’t find and kill him. 3. Curley, as a symbol of authority on the ranch and a champion boxer, makes this clear immediately by using his brutish strength and violent temper to intimidate the men and his wife. 4. Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife is beautiful. Beautifulness is the strength in herself to flirts with all the men she met especially all the men in the ranch.5. Slim. Slim is the senior worker in ranch. So everyone respected him and his opinions. For example when Slim said â€Å" Carlson’s right. Your dog’s no good to himself. I’d be glad if someone shot me when I was so old that I could hardly move† . this ipinion makes Candy felt helpless and then he mau accept his dog will be shoted by the Carlson. (it’s in chapter 7) 6. Carson. He has the strengt h to shoted the Candy’s dog because he has a gun and Slim suporrted him. ( it’s in chapter 7)

Celebrities in politics Essay

I will get straight to the point, I believe that when celebrities get involved in  politics they draw attention away from the actual political issues and campaigns at hand. Having film stars in politics for endorsements will definitely draw a crowds and more  importantly votes. Because people love and become inspired by the characters played by an individual and in the end they are in fact become blinded by who that individual really is. It is as if you give a dangerous person, or as I will refer to him as, â€Å"an evil dower† some candy. Now a politician by him self is an evil dower who does not have candy. Without the candy it is very hard for an evil dower to attract little children into a car but as soon a candy, or even better a child’s favorite candy is introduced, this when put into context being a favorite actor, that is all the child sees and is blinded to whomever posses the candy, thus getting into the car. This in essence is basically the reaction of an obsessed fan when celebrities become involved in politics. If you really want to dissect the purpose for celebrities in politics, or celebrity endorsements in general you are able to create six different categories, establishing credibility, attracting attention, associative benefits, psychographic connection, demographic connection and mass appeal. What does this all mean? Absolutely nothing! All the reasons why celebrities are brought into an election are reasons that should be irrelevant to the voters. Most celebrities have never actually done any social work, some of them are unaware of what’s going on, in the past some celebrities have actually debated the ideals of another individual that was in there own party without actually knowing it. Up to now I have only been referring to actors as being celebrities but if we look it up in the dictionary, a celebrity is simply a famous person, renown fame. Doesn’t that mean a politician could in fact also be a celebrity? Yes,  Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Abraham Lincoln ,where politicians and celebrities in there own respect and got there fame from battles they won, world changing events they where part of. The difference between them and a modern day actors is they became famous for the things they did, it was who they where not a mask. But on the contrary this could also work against a politition, for instance Bill Clinton, we don’t remember him for being the president who sent the most troops into war ever or getting the United States out of a 250 billion dollar debt, no, the first thing that comes to mind when you hear Bill Clinton is Monica Lewinski. I’m not saying he didn’t do a lot of good things for the county Im just saying that’s what he got the most publicity for. All this time wasted just because they wanted to know if he lied. This is how celebrity gets in the way of politics, instead of speculating about impeaching the president for getting a blow job they should have been using there resources to gather more intelligence about terrorist activity in the middle east. At this time the president was no longer a polition, he was a celebrity, another Paris Hilton, instead of a tape it was a dress. Let’s face it though, when it comes to celebrities and politics. Celebrities are simply more entertaining. Who would you rather see in an interview, Sonny Perdue (Governor or Georgia) or The Rock.

the specter of communism essays

the specter of communism essays In the years following the end of the Cold War, many historians and social scientists have written accounts of what were some of the causes and effects of this period when the threat of war was almost always present. One such person was Melvyn Leffler and his work, The Specter of Communism, which described the origins and conflicts of the Cold War. Out of these accounts several interesting questions come to light about the true nature of the Cold War. One such question that has surfaced recently is that of number 2 on the handout. The main emphasis of the question or statement is that the Cold War never really took place, and what did occur was nothing but a complete waste of money and time. I will have to disagree with the statement that it was a waste of time and money for several reasons. First of all, throughout the entire Cold War, Americas core interests were constantly a threat from the expansion of the Soviet Union and communism. These ranged from the spread of comm unism through Europe, into the Far East and even into our own backyard of Latin America and the Caribbean. All of these places represented vital interests for the survival of the United States and the American way of life. When World War Two ended, the American public felt that they had finally achieved a peace that could last forever with the United States as the worlds foremost power economically, politically, and militarily. The remainder of the century was to be Americas Century, a time when the world would follow the United States into prosperity, both politically and economically. The end of the war left the United States in a position to dictate to the world the type of peace that would now encompass the globe. Following the principles of the Atlantic Charter, the United States could help bring political and economic relief to the world through its systems of capitalism and democracy. Suc...

Teen Pregnancy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Paper Example At least 60% of the children born to adolescent mothers are due to unwanted pregnancies (Mary et al 2001). In today’s society teen pregnancy is growing at an alarming rate even though the overall percentage of teen pregnancy is lower the question that arises is it still a huge problem that needs to be addressed immediately? For many countries teenage pregnancy is not a significant issue. For them it’s just a minor concern. Some even think that if children at an adolescence age do get involved in pregnancy matters it can be tackled. Is it so? People fail to comprehend the negative impact such matters bring to the community. Teenage pregnancy remains an issue for society at large although abstinence and the use of contraceptives is taught but still to no avail. Adolescent childbearing brings about negative impact on the teenager, the infant, teenagers parents and to the community. Very less option for future are left for the girls who become pregnant during their teen age. Lack of good education is one of the prime causes of teenage pregnancy. Being deterministic and effective firmly decides the goals one sets for himself/herself along with how much effort they put in and how long they strive despite the barriers they face. Not to forget the effort to recover in case if they lose. Students with no deterministic or effective approach tend to fall for such activities. An adolescent boy or a girl who are acquiring high educational goals are very rarely become teenage parents. Also parents who have high educational expectations from their teenage children make sure that their teens never get involved in such activities. The lack of care, family support, love, loyalty and importance pushes children to look for these feelings in someone else. Children from broken home (parents separated or divorced) or those children who have been

Maltreatment and the Developing Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maltreatment and the Developing Child - Essay Example The caregivers’ (mostly, the parents) role therefore is crucial to the development of the child. Without proper care and attention, the child would likely suffer from malnourishment, emotional and mental maladjustment issues. Based on these considerations, this paper shall now discuss the possible impact of extreme deprivation and neglect on the development of a child. It shall use examples of cases and case studies in order to enhance knowledge on this issue. The nature and the nurture debate have set forth the importance of both genetics and experience in the development of our brain. In generally accepted terms, medical specialists emphasize that nature or genes are responsible for the basic wiring plan, the formation of the cells, and the connections between the different brain regions (Oliver, 2007). Our experiences (nurture) are responsible â€Å"for fine-tuning those connections, helping each child adapt to the particular environment (culture, family, peer group) to which he or she belongs† (Oliver, 2007, p. 1). Even as the cells of our brain are already developed and we cannot do anything about how they are developed, the environment still has an influence on the development of the brain. Based on years of research on neuroscience, an infant’s experience usually has a permanent impact on the wirings of the brain (Eliot, as cited by Oliver, 2007). Upon a child’s birth and subsequent development and growth, his brain cells are fired and wired together. In the process, cells that are highly active are preserved and strengthened, and other cells or synapses which are not active are pruned away (Oliver, 2007). A child’s brain therefore requires constant stimulation in order to develop its full potential. â€Å"Their best learning is from being highly attuned to human stimuli – interacting with your face, voice, and touch. Singing, talking, and reading to