Read this document and after answer this 3 questions Essay

Read this document and after answer this 3 questions - Essay Example Gould uses the phrase â€Å"AIDS spreads in a clear exponential manner† (Gould, 1987) to explain the natural spread of AIDS to the general population, and how it lacks boundaries. However, Gould eventually convinces himself on the ability of nature in controlling itself when he says, â€Å"evolution cares as little for its agents,† (Gould, 1987). AIDS being a natural phenomenon spare some people who will keep the continuity of the human species. A lot of input in improving technology with the intention of solving all human problems has proved ineffective. This is because technology together with mans brain has failed in eradicating the holocaust AIDS. Ignorance and lack of responsibility make AIDS spread in an exponential form hampering the human biological system, thus making it a hard disaster to handle. AIDS spreads rapidly and in different forms making it a vulnerable disease. However, proper handling of human biological system can control the rate of spread of AIDS, this is because AIDS hampers with the biological system of a human being. Although AIDS kills many people, it spares some to ensure continuity of generation; therefore, AIDS being a natural phenomenon controls itself. Eradication of AIDS can only be successful with the application of technological slogans in fighting

A Child Called It Encourage Speech Essay Example for Free

A Child Called It Encourage Speech Essay Hello guys I’m Grace and I am a volunteer of this youth center, below I just to ask do you have these feelings before? Desperate, depressed, desolated. I believe these emotions will bump out in every one of your mind when you think you are in a disadvantaged situation, and sometimes you think the whole world owes you, aren’t you? But indeed, are you really that pathetic? For me, people used to say I’m a pessimism. Yet, after reading a book based on a true story of a boy, it blows my mind. And it changes my mind in way in seeing the world with cherishing and forgiveness, and now I want to share this with all of you and I hope it will change yours too. The boy who gives me such an impact is called Dave Pelzer and he is the author of the book called ‘A child called IT’. He was being abused by his mom since he was a child, starving, pain, hopeless are what he gone through, but in the end, he was being rescued. The state of California said that it may have been the worse case of child abuse in the history of state. I guess you could imagine how tough the life was for Dave. However, despite of all these memories, he still managed to survive and become a bright person. So first of all, the precious of survival is the first thing Dave had taught me. In our daily lives, our often take everything for granted, just take a simple example. When we are eating our cereal breakfast, we would complain from our mom and say ‘ How come it’s the same taste again! I have ate this cereal for whole week! I’m bored of it! while you are complaining with things you are not satisfied, Dave was managing not to starve to die. From the book, his mother rarely treated Dave as a son nor a human being, he is just an ‘it’, a non-existence. Eating is not a normal right for Dave, he had to finished all his chores in order to have a mouth of food, finding food from the trash and stealing food from a grocery store and classmates was the way to keep him alive. Just think about it? We are really l ucky aren’t we? As all us sitting in here and no need to worry about tomorrow’s live and will we survive or not. And it’s time to back to basics, don’t focus on things we don’t have but the things we have! We have friends, families and everyone sitting next to you in this youth center, what we got is far more than survive, and we should better treasure it, and not focus on the dark side. As I about the dark side, you might think Dave’s heart was full of hatred to his mum because her mum treated him so badly. But in contrast, Dave teach me forgiveness—the art of letting go. No matter what lies in their past, they can overcome the dark side and press on to a brighter world and turn tragedy into triumph’ Dave said in the book. How come a person can let go of his anger and bring love to her mum and his loving child, that’s Dave. Look at what happened to us, sometimes people or ourselves makes mistakes and the hatred will last in our heart, but actu ally what’s the point in remembering all those tragedy? Why don’t we move on? Just forgive ourselves and forgive others, your friends, your family. Then, you will find you heart is brighter and clearer than ever, just like Dave. In conclusion, I think this book is remarkable and incredible as Dave’s experience do change my way in looking in the world in more perspective such as survive, forgiveness, love, courage and faith, but the time is limited so I have to stop here. Lastly, I just want to say we could always let go of the bad things happened to us and treasure everything we got, be positive! Everyone in the youth center would support you. Even the darkest will end and sun will rise. Thank you.

Design of a Low Voltage CMOS Transconductance Amplifier

Design of a Low Voltage CMOS Transconductance Amplifier This project aims to illustrate the design and simulation of a Low Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semi Conductor (CMOS) Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with an improved power consumption, Direct Current (DC) gain and bandwidth. Two techniques were introduced for linearization: Pseudo Differential Pairs and Source degeneration under nano-scale technology. The nonlinearity, which is caused by the short length effect due to the small size of transistor can be reduced using linearization techniques, Two techniques were introduced for linearization: Pseudo Differential Pairs and Source degeneration, were both go under nano-scale CMOS technology. The proposed OTA requires a proper control system, where the common-mode control system has been designed for system stability . The results of this implementation are: power consumption of (x), DC gain of (x) , a size of (x)  µ, number of transistors (x) . All the work was simulated using the Advances Design System ( ADS ) , under 130nm CMOS Technology. 1.1 Motivation The huge pace in technology and the growing demand of electronic devices makes the Integrated Circuit ( IC ) designers think twice about low power and low voltage with the trade of the Threshold Voltage ( VT ) which doesnt scale down when compared to the power supply. Throughout the years, designing analog integrated circuits has been challenging, where the power supply is being reduced due to the demand of technology which requires to scale down the total power. The Operational Transconductance Amplià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ er (OTA) is recognized to be one of the most important basic building blocks in analog ,mixed mode circuits, filters, including multipliers, voltage control oscillators, and Very Large Scale Integrations ( VLSI ) applications, where the VLSI technology is the process of creating ICs by combining several transistors into a single chip. In such applications the OTA is the key circuit to such design, OTA at the input of the block determines the efficiency of the overall system, hence improving the performance of the OTA block is critical for enhancing the overall module performance. Operational Transconductance Amplifier An OTA main purpose is to convert its input voltage to the desired output current; i.e. in other words an OTA is a voltage controlled current source, where Gm is the Transconductance with a unit (Ampere/Volt). In real life circuits, harmonics are introduced, and nonlinearity should be taken into consideration which caused by the short channel effect of the transistors, the expression of the output current with Taylor series expansion can be as follow : where ai is determined by the implementation of the circuit. In order to achieve a proper OTA with the specifications mentioned, linear transformation factor should be implemented in the design to reduce harmonics, linearization methods have been developed through the years to solve the problem. 1.2 Objectives The main goal is to design a low voltage Transconductance CMOS amplifier which converts its input voltage to the desired output current with high linearity, which can be achieved by linearization techniques, Pseudo Differential Pair and Source degeneration techniques. 1.3 Realistic Constraints The listed below are the main constraints that should be taken into consideration for the design : 1.3.1. Economic Constraints: The student shall use the available simulation tools such as : Advanced Design System for simulation design, and Synopsys for layout . As for the design, the main goal is to reduce harmonic distortion, achieve high linearity, and to be able to transform the input voltage to the required output current with minimum size. Since the size of the transistors determine the size of IC , and the size contributes in the cost of the IC. The designed IC is being manufactured in fabrication laboratories. During the fabrication process, thousands of ICs are being etched onto a single blank wafer. After the testing process ,only percentages of the ICs are considered useable, and being distributed among electronic stores. 1.3.2. Manufacturability and Sustainability Constraints: The designed circuit shall be worked across process and temperature corners for improved yield. 1.3.3. Ethical and Safety Constraints: Documentation should not have more than 30% similarity on Turnitin. 1.3.4. Standardization All technologies used in this project are 130 nm CMOS technology. 1.4 Design Requirements The design shall meet the following requirements: The design uses CMOS based technology. The total power consumption will be less than 15mW. The supply voltage will be less than 1 volt. Bandwidth should be larger than 50MHz DC gain should be larger than 20dB 1.5 Design Achieved The goal of this project was achieved by designing a low voltage CMOS transconductance amplifier using linearization techniques with high linearity, low power consumption of (x), DC gain of (x) , a cost of (x). 1.6 Task Distribution Work was done as a team; but some work was distributed to ensure every member has their own task. This is shown in the table below: Stage Details Marwa Marah Rateb All Research Reading papers Setting goals Design of Pseudo Differential Pair Design Build Design of Source Degeneration Design Build Design the Common Mode Design Build Connecting The circuitry ( suggested OTA ) Design Build Layout Design Build Documentation Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.3 Ch.4 Ch.5 Table 1.1: division of labor 1.7 Organization The rest of the documentation illustrates the design characteristics where it goes as follows; Second chapter discusses the background and literature review of different approaches related to the same design. Third chapter discloses in detail the overall design, including the explanation of each linearization techniques, as well as justifying the region of each transistor. Forth chapter demonstrates the results of the design. To end with, chapter Five conclude the design, along with the future work which can be implemented to improve the design. 2.1 Transconductance Amplifier Topologies This project aims to design an Amplifier which able to convert its input voltage to the desired output current, with Pseudo Differential Pair and Source Degeneration as linearization techniques Varies architectures had been developed through the past years to build the basic OTA block Table 2.1 :comparison between three different papers Design Design Requirements Referring to chapter 1, the design shall meet the following requirements: The design uses CMOS based technology. The total power consumption will be less than 15mW. The supply voltage will be less than 1 volt. Bandwidth should be larger than 50MHz DC gain should be larger than 20dB Analysis of Requirements and Constraints In order to attain the design specifications mentioned in section 3.1, the requirements and constraints are clarified below Analysis of Design Requirements CMOS based technology CMOS circuits components are becoming the most desired to be implemented in nowadays technology, due to its low power consumption. Furthermore, its high speed when compared to other used technology. Power Consumption Supply Voltage Bandwidth DC gain Analysis of Design Constraints Economic Constraints Manufacturability and Sustainability Constraints The design should meet the proper operating temperature and environmental corners. The circuit topologies have been implemented using an advanced simulation that can foresee the behavior of the circuit under such circumstances. For instance, a high power circuitry will increase its temperature, thus the degradation of the performance in time, but if the circuit surpass in supreme corner, it is expected to have a longer life time. Ethical and Safety Constraints Documentation shouldnt exceed 30% similarity, citation should be considered along with stating proper referencing Design Approaches According to the cited papers in chapter 2 there are four different architectures for the converter design. All of these architectures cant be used to achieve the requirements of this project. The developed design discussed in the next section has the opportunity to achieve the requirements

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children Parents will argue that other people are the reason their children are violent and usually take absolutely none of the blame, when in reality they should be taking a lot of the blame for violence among children. I believe media as a whole, including television, radio, movies, video games, news, etc, can be very detrimental to society and leads to a lot of this violence among children with which we are dealing. I was always taught what goes in your head has to eventually come out, so shouldn't you put in only good stuff? "Critics claim that music negatively affects teenagers by repeatedly exposing them to themes such as Satanism, substance abuse, murder, suicide, and sexual violence, which may be heavily reinforced and normalized by the frequency of their portrayal" ("Youth and Violent Music"). I think there are too many television shows that run between the hours of three and five in the afternoon, which is when most children watch television, that make violence their main theme. Also during those hours, there are music video countdowns playing on just about every channel to which you flip. The only things kids learn when they watch these videos is how to abuse their wives, how to shoot a gun at someone, how to violently deal with a bully at school, how to dress so sexy that all the boys will like them, etc. Kids idolize anyone on television, especially if they're a popular songwriter or singer. Most parents know that children imitate whatever they see and hear, so wouldn't you think if parents let them watch these over-sexy and violent videos that their children are going to want to look and act just like what they're watching on television? "Several major rap artists have been charged with violent crimes in real life, and many worry that their actions seeming ly condone the violent messages in their music. Their celebrity status also serves to glamorize their violent behavior" ("Youth and Violent Music"). There are many cases dealing with the death of one or more children due to them "trying-out" a move they watched on television that "look real cool". Even if there was only one case, that would be one too many for me not to think we had taken a wrong turn somewhere.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay

Ralph Waldo Emerson, who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century, once wrote, â€Å"The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. † The Transcendentalist were a group of people who believed that everyone was equal and had power inside them as an individual. In the mid-19th century Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman were the main writers and thinkers of the transcendentalist movement. In the 1960’s as African American’s fought for civil rights in a cruel society. William Melvin Kelly combines the two in the book â€Å"A Different Drummer. † This book tells the story of Tucker Caliban, a black farmer who encourages a huge amount of blacks to leave the south when he decides to salt his crops and burn down his house and leave. Tucker embodies the characteristics of a Transcendentalist according to Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman in three ways: he does what he wants without an explanation, he’s self-reliant, and he fights a corrupt system in his own way. Tucker does what he wants without an explanation or logic. Tucker stays out all night to teach Dewey how to ride a bike, even though his grandfather would be mad. Tucker also burned his house down and salted his crops without explaining this to his wife or to anyone else. Tucker writes Dewey a letter in college, he ask about the bike he taught him to ride. Dewey doesn’t understand why because Tucker really didn’t explain what he wanted to know about the bike. This shows Tucker really doesn’t tell anyone his logic behind his actions. â€Å"To be great is to be misunderstood†, Emerson. This quote refers to Tucker because he is misunderstood by the whites. This shows he’s also self-reliant and free spirited. Tucker Caliban is self-reliant and unique. Tucker self taught himself to farm and ride a bike. He also doesn’t believe in the civil rights movement which most other blacks strongly believe in. He also believes everyone has to free themselves or else there not really free. This shows that Tucker Caliban is not just any other black, he’s unique. But he also fights the south’s corrupt system in his own one of a kind way. â€Å"We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents. † This quote refers to Tucker because he is different and others are afraid to be different. Tucker Caliban is a rebel and he fights the system. He burned down his house and salted his crops because that’s where the slaves worked for the Willsons. He broke the grandfather clock because it was bought the same day as the African. He cut down the tree that separated his land from the Willisons, that was there from the days of slavery. He did all of this to cut his ties from slavery and from the south.† Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its members. † This refers to the south and other blacks like Tucker. Therefore Tucker Caliban embodies the characteristics of a Transcendentalist according to Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman in three ways: he does what he wants without an explanation, he’s self-reliant, and he fights a corrupt system in his own way. Tucker’s movement from the south is a strong step in the right direction for racism in the south. To me what Tucker did was strong and no else was strong enough to leave before Tucker did it.

Gothic a Revival of Culture

The Gothic, through the motif of the double explores the struggle between the good and evil within man† To what extent are Poe's short stories, Coleridge's Christabel and R. L Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde explorations of the duality of man. The gothic, as a fictional genre, came about as a result ot cultural changes in the eighteenth century; these cultural changes began to form through the renaissance. This transitional period between the Medieval Era and the modern world changed the way of thinking. The word itself means â€Å"revival† or â€Å"rebirth†.Moving further away rom religious devotion it allowed new ideas to form, thus the development of the gothic. â€Å"Hlstorlcally, the Goths were one of several Germanic tribes Instrumental In the fall of the Roman Empire†¦ [they] left no literature or art of their own, [and were] remembered only as the invaders and destroyers of the great Roman civilization. † 1 This historical aspect allowed the development of the new boundary pushing form of literature, Introducing elements of horror and romance Into newly formed gothic texts.The first gothic novel published was The Castle of Otranto, subtitled as â€Å"A Gothic Story† written by the English author Horace Walpole. This new style of writing was imitated both through prose fiction and theatrical drama through the texts; Coleridge's poem Christabel, many of Edgar Allan Poes short stories and R. L Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Through time the interpretations of a gothic text changes, allowing the readers to challenge what they read. All three texts were published in the 19th century, except the first edition of Christabel (published 1797).This time period was primarily based around religion and Biblical Interpretations. And so, these new strange ideas may have angered the audiences due to the lack of religious devotion from the authors onto the characters, The ‘double', otherwise known as the ‘Doppelga nger,' was defined by Federick S. Frank as â€Å"a second self or alternate Identity, sometimes, but not always, a physical twin. The Doppelganger in demonic form can be a reciprocal or lower bestial self†2 The double motif suggests that we are burdened with a dual, for example, Dr.Jekyll and his evil double Mr. Hyde are contrasted to represent the battle between the rational, intellectual self (Jekyll) and the irrational, foul selt (Hyde). The double characters featured In texts are often paired within common relationships, such as family relations, hero/villain, creator/creature, etc. R. L. Stevenson's novel. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde expresses the idea of the duality of human nature; however this motif did not arise fully until the last few chapters, when the relationship between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Is revealed.We have already witnessed Hyde's overriding violence and have seen the contrasting gentle and honorable Dr. Jekyll, One of the main themes of the double is physic al appearance as Hyde is portrayed in animalistic erms: â€Å"short†, â€Å"hairy, and like a â€Å"troglodyte† with â€Å"gnarled hands† and a â€Å"horrific face†. But, In contrast, Jekyll Is described In the most elegant manner – â€Å"tall†, â€Å"refined†, â€Å"polite,† with â€Å"long elegant fingers† and a â€Å"handsome appearance†. This suggests Jekyll's experiment reduces his being to its most basic form, allowing evil to run freely, ignoring the unwritten rules of society.Stevenson explains the motif of duality toys uslng tne cnaracter 0T Jekyll as ne claims, â€Å"Man Is not truly one, out truly two,† as every soul contains traits of both good and evil, but one is always empowering. This novel is perhaps one of the most renowned examples of literature using the doppelganger idea; another theme stemming from the duplication of man is the psychoanalytical interpretation and the presentation of F reud's theory of the id and superego. Dr. Jekyll represents the superego and Mr. Hyde the id. It is in fact his mind that is the ego, bringing him back and forth between the two characters but Dr.Jekyll acknowledges and does what is morally best. The ego, hidden in his unconscious, is constantly debating between the superego and the ‘d, it's the good vs. evil and conscious vs. unconscious. The term ‘unconscious' is similar to that of the unknown, leading to a scary factor of a ‘double' as the living being is simply unaware of their instincts and desires, making them equally unaware of their capabilities. Sigmund Freud developed the theory of mental life called psychoanalysis, emphasising the psychodynamics of the mind.His most important assumption was the force driving a person's mental life, affecting their behaviour operating at an unconscious level; in one part of the personality call the id. The id works primarily on the pleasure principle bound up in self-grat ification and uncaring to others- again perating entirely at an unconscious level. Two other types of personality were assumed: ego and superego. The ego functions the reality principle, while the superego represents the person's ideal self, presenting the moral standards of society.The Juxtaposed types of personality; id and the ego are initially the two results we are left with when a character has a ‘double'. Similarly, In Coleridge's Christabel, the character of Geraldine becomes Christabel's evil double- arguably her id. The cause of â€Å"a shudder in [his] blood† from Dr. Jekyll in the presence of Mr. Hyde is not simply one characteristic of his nature. It is the combination of evil and disability. â€Å"Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish; he gave an impression of deformity†¦ a sort of murderous mixture† the realisation of obtaining â€Å"murderous mixture† expands Freudian theories of evil, the id, taking over the person.This uneven ratio of perso nalities causes such malevolence ideas of murder to form. Likewise, the perception of the divided self is also presented in Coleridge's Christabel. In this poem, the character of Geraldine becomes Christabel's evil double. Arguably, the poem explores the, â€Å"struggle of evil and innocence, [and] the manner in hich evil works upon and transforms innocence,†3 as in the extended poem we see Geraldine attempts to use Christabel's innocent image as an advantage: clearly demonstrating the divide between good and evil within the two female characters.The same sex double is equally shown within the two male characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The idea of a same sex double, accentuates the concept of similarities between the actual self and the duplication. The same psychoanalytical approach, as used to interpret Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde's doubling, can also be used to argue many concepts, from Coleridge's poetry. The poem, the Kubla Khan, according to Coleridge, he claimed the v isions highlighted in the poem, occurred to him in a dream demonstrating -Freud's hypothesis of the unconscious, as the development of dreams is prominent in the unconscious region of the mind..Setting is also, a very important aspect of Gothic literature. The Garden of Eden is often used as a symbol in western literature; to show life before sin and corruption, the serpent and its temptatlons towards Eve, explore tne corruptlon 0T tne Innocent, temptatlons ana evil. This religious interpretation of the setting featured in Christabel differs to that of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. As Stevenson describes Dr. Jekyll's laboratory as, â€Å"a certain sinister block of building†¦ [This] bore in every feature the marks of profound and sordid negligence. With its decaying disguise and air of neglect, the laboratory quite neatly symbolizes the corrupt and perverse Hyde. The idea of the â€Å"laboratory' indicates the influence of the renaissance and the new science interpretations being made, unlike the religious, Garden of Eden imagery. The city of London itself is also represented in contrasting terms, as â€Å"both a foggy', â€Å"dreary', as a â€Å"nightmarish place†, and a â€Å"well-kept†, â€Å"bustling centre of commerce. Just as the characters Jekyll and Hyde and Christabel and Geraldine, have both positive and negative qualities, so does society.Doubling is yet again present in the second part of the poem of Christabel, whereby the dove being strangled by â€Å"the bright green snake† presents the spell casted from Geraldine onto Christabel, to mute Christabel's true speech and emotions. The image of the white dove shows Christabel's innocence, which had lost the battle between the envious serpent (Geraldine). The imagery of the serpent emphasises how religion was a prominent influential factor towards this poem, ymbolizing the Biblical translation of the serpent in the story of Adam and Eve.